Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura umwijima ibyuma bitagira umwanda

Ihame: Mugihe cyo kuvura imiti, hashyizweho igice cya firime ya oxyde hejuru yicyuma, kandi kuvura hejuru bigerwaho hifashishijwe firime ya oxyde. Ihame ryakoreshejwe murubu buryo bwo kuvura hejuru ni ugukora firime ya okiside hejuru yicyuma hifashishijwe ibikoresho bihuye, bishobora gutandukanya icyuma ntigishobora guhura n’ibidukikije.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwirabura ibyuma bitagira umwanda nuburyo bukurikira:

Icyiciro 1: Uburyo bwo gusiga aside

(1) Uburyo bwa dichromate. Shira ibyuma bidafite ingese mumashanyarazi ya sodium dichromate hanyuma ushire neza muminota 20-30 kugirango ukore firime yumukara. Kuramo hanyuma ukonje, hanyuma woge n'amazi.

(2) Chromate uburyo bwimiti ya okiside yumukara. Inzira yo guhindura amabara yiyi firime ni kuva kumucyo kugeza mwijimye. Iyo ihindutse kuva mubururu bwerurutse ikajya mubururu bwimbitse (cyangwa umukara wera), umwanya wigihe ni iminota 0.5-1. Niba iyi ngingo nziza yabuze, izasubira mubururu bwerurutse kandi irashobora gukurwaho no kongera amabara.

2. Uburyo bwa volcanisation burashobora kubona firime nziza yumukara, igomba gutororwa hamwe na aqua regia mbere ya okiside

3. Uburyo bwa okiside ya alkaline. Okiside ya alkaline ni igisubizo cyateguwe na hydroxide ya sodium, hamwe na okiside yiminota 10-15. Filime yumukara wa okiside ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya kandi ntisaba kuvura. Igihe cyo gutera umunyu muri rusange kiri hagati yamasaha 600-800. Irashobora kugumana ubwiza buhebuje bwibyuma bidafite ingese.

Icyiciro cya 2: Uburyo bwa okiside ya electrolytike

Gutegura igisubizo: (20-40g / L dichromate, 10-40g / L sulfate ya manganese, 10-20g / L aside borike, 10-20g / L / PH3-4). Filime yamabara yashizwe mumuti wa 10% ya HCl kuri 25C muminota 5, kandi ntihabayeho guhindura ibara cyangwa gukuramo ibice byimbere ya firime, byerekana ko irwanya ruswa nziza ya firime. Nyuma ya electrolysis, ibyuma bya 1Cr17 ferritic bitagira umuyonga birabura vuba, hanyuma bigakomera kugirango ubone firime ya oxyde yumukara ifite ibara rimwe, elastique, hamwe nuburemere runaka. Ibiranga ni inzira yoroshye, kwihuta kwijimye, ingaruka nziza yamabara, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Irakwiriye kuvura hejuru yumukara wibyuma bitandukanye kandi bidafite agaciro gakomeye.

Icyiciro cya 3: Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa QPQ

Ikorwa mubikoresho kabuhariwe, firime ya firime irakomeye kandi ifite kwihanganira kwambara neza; Ariko, bitewe nuko ibyuma bidafite ingese, cyane cyane ibyuma bya austenitike, bidafite ubushobozi bwo gukumira ingese nka mbere nyuma yo kuvura QPQ. Impamvu nuko chromium iboneka hejuru yicyuma cya austenitis cyangiritse. Kuberako mubikorwa byabanjirije QPQ, aribwo buryo bwa nitriding, ibirimo karubone na azote bizinjira, bitera kwangiza imiterere yubuso. Biroroshye kubora, umunyu utera umunyu bizangirika gusa mumasaha make. Kubera iyi ntege nke, ibikorwa byayo ni bike.