Imfashanyigisho Yuzuye Kumutwe Wiziritse hamwe nibisabwa

Kwizirika kumutwe bikomeje kuba kimwe mubintu byingenzi byavumbuwe kuva byavumburwa hashize imyaka irenga 2.400. Kubera ko Archytas ya Tarentum yatangije bwa mbere ikoranabuhanga ryo kunoza imashini zikoresha amavuta n’ibisohoka mu bihe bya kera, ihame rya screw inyuma yiziritse ku nsinga ryabonye ubuzima bushya mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara mu nganda none abayikora bashingiye kuri izo mashini kugirango bashyigikire amamiriyoni atandukanye.

Mu myaka ya 1860, ingero ya mbere isanzwe yemewe nu mubare kuri santimetero imwe yemereye ibigo gukoresha uruganda rukora imigozi ikozwe mu ruganda muburyo bwose bwibikoresho nibicuruzwa. Uyu munsi, abasesenguzi bavuga ko isoko ry’imashini n’inganda rizagera kuri miliyari 109 z'amadolari mu 2025, bikazamuka ku kigero cyo kwiyongera ku mwaka (CAGR) kirenga 4% mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Ibifunga bigezweho bifasha inganda zose mubikorwa bigezweho kuva ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi kugeza kubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro ndetse nibindi.

• Kwizirika kumutwe bifashisha ihame rya screw kugirango uhindure imbaraga zo guhagarika imbaraga

   

• Ibifunga bigezweho bifasha inganda hafi ya zose, harimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, icyogajuru, ibinyabiziga, ninganda

   

• Ibifunga bifatanye bifata muburyo bwose, bikwiranye na progaramu iyo ari yo yose harimo ibishushanyo byabigenewe igihe bikenewe

   

Mu myaka yashize, ubwoko bwihuta nibishushanyo byakomeje kugenda bihinduka none ufite urutonde rwibisubizo byo gutoranya kubisabwa byihariye. Nk’uko abahanga mu kwihuta babivuga, 95% byananiranye bibaho bitewe no guhitamo imigozi idahwitse cyangwa kubera gushiraho igice nabi. Imikorere itandukanye, ibishushanyo mbonera, impuzu, hamwe nuguhitamo ibintu byose bigira ingaruka kumbaraga hamwe nuburemere bwibicuruzwa muri rusange.

Hano haribikoresho byoroshye kubintu byose ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeranye na kijyambere yiziritse hamwe nibisabwa.

Igisobanuro cyumuvuduko wumugozi nigikoresho gikoresha umuzenguruko uzengurutse uruzitiro rwa silindrike kugirango uhuze ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi byibikoresho hamwe. Urudodo cyangwa umuzenguruko uhindura imbaraga zo kuzunguruka (cyangwa torque) mumurongo umwe ushoboye kugumana impagarara kubintu byinshi bigarukira.

Iyo urudodo ruri hanze yumutwe wa silindrike (nka hamwe na bolts), byitwa urudodo rwumugabo naho abari mumutwe (nuts) ni igitsina gore. Iyo imigozi yimbere ninyuma ikorana nundi, imiterere yikibazo cyumurongo wihuta irashobora kwihanganira impungenge zuko ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi byibikoresho bifatanyirijwe hamwe bizakorana.

Ibifunga bifatanye bifashisha imbaraga zo guhagarika imbaraga kugirango birinde gutandukana no kubuza ibice bitandukanye kunyerera ugereranije nundi. Imbaraga zingutu hamwe nuburyo bwo guhagarika umutima bituma biba byiza mubihe aho ukeneye imbaraga zikomeye, zidahoraho hagati yubwoko bwibikoresho. Ibifunga bifatanye bifasha ibinyabiziga, icyogajuru, guhimba, ubwubatsi, ninganda zubuhinzi, nibindi.

Ibishushanyo bitandukanijwe kuva neza kugeza kumutwe, bigushoboza imbaraga zitandukanye zihuye na progaramu yihariye. Mugihe utegura ibicuruzwa bishya cyangwa ugahindura ibishushanyo bihari, uzakenera kumenya ibyo bifatisha imigozi bihari kugirango bishyigikire hamwe ninteko.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwibishushanyo buraboneka uyumunsi bikwiranye numubare uwo ariwo wose wo guhuza no gufunga porogaramu. Guhitamo igishushanyo mbonera gikomeza kuba igice cyingenzi cyibicuruzwa muri rusange harimo ubwoko bwumutwe, kubara insanganyamatsiko, nimbaraga zumubiri.

Ukurikije porogaramu, ubwoko bwibanze bwimigozi ifatanye harimo:

• Imbuto- Mubisanzwe ibinyomoro byigitsina gore bihuye hejuru ya bolt muburyo butandukanye bwo gukosora ibice bibiri hamwe

   

• Bolt- Urudodo rwabagabo hanze ya silinderi ishobora guhurizwa mu gikoresho gitsindagiye igitsina gore cyangwa ikoresha ibinyomoro kugirango ifatanye ibikoresho mu mwanya

   

• Imiyoboro- Ntibisaba ibinyomoro kandi biza muburyo bwose cyangwa ubunini, ukoresheje ihame rya screw kugirango uhuze ibice bibiri byibikoresho

   

• Gukaraba- Gukwirakwiza imizigo iringaniye mugihe ukomye umugozi, bolt, ibinyomoro, cyangwa inkoni

   

Ubwoko hejuru ni ibishushanyo mbonera gusa, hamwe nubwoko butandukanye nka hex bolts, imashini zimashini, impapuro zometse kumutwe hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe n amanota arahari.

Kubisabwa byihariye, urashobora gushushanya urudodo rwimigozi hamwe nugukomatanya ibicuruzwa (mubisanzwe bikozwe kugirango utumire) niba ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bidahagije. Ibimera bya Anchor bifatanya ibyuma byubaka kugirango byubake urufatiro mugihe ibyuma bimanika imiyoboro hamwe nu murongo wa kabili bikenera imbaraga zingirakamaro zifatanije kugirango zunganire inganda.

Inkoni zifunitse zikora nka bolts ariko mubisanzwe zifite umutwe wihariye cyangwa igice cyigice gifite imbaraga nyinshi mubice. Inganda zigezweho zirashobora gukorana nawe kugirango ubone ibikoresho byiza, igishushanyo cyumutwe, nimbaraga zingana kugirango ushyigikire icyaricyo cyose mugihe uzirikana ikiguzi nuburemere mubitekerezo. Ibikoresho bya plastiki bifatanye ubu nabyo biramenyerewe mubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, bigafasha guterana byihuse mugihe byemerera gusenywa mugihe ibicuruzwa bigomba kwinjira kugirango bisanwe.

Byinshi bifatanye bifatanye bizaza bifite kodegisi (cyangwa yanditse) kubicuruzwa. Ibisobanuro bikubiye muri kode bizagufasha gufata icyemezo gikwiye muguhitamo ibicuruzwa kubyo usaba.

Icyitonderwa kumutwe wiziritse gisobanura:

• Ubwoko bwa Drive- Gutwara ibyuma byihuta bishobora gusaba igikoresho cyangwa igikoresho kidasanzwe. Ubwoko bwa Drive burimo ibikoresho nka Phillips (screws), Hex Socket (nuts), Square, (screw cyangwa nuts), na Star (bifatisha imigozi idasanzwe).

   

• Imiterere yumutwe- Dondora umutwe wihuta ishobora kuba iringaniye, izengurutse, isafuriya, hex, cyangwa oval. Guhitamo ubwoko bwumutwe biterwa nubwoko bwo kurangiza ushaka kubicuruzwa byawe cyangwa inteko.

   

• Ibikoresho- Ibikoresho nimwe mubitekerezo byingenzi muguhitamo umugozi wihuta. Nkuko ibikoresho bigena imbaraga rusange muri rusange, ugomba kwemeza ko wahisemo umugozi wihuta uzana imbaraga zihagije nkigice cyimiterere yacyo.

   

• Ibipimo- Buri cyuma gifata umugozi kizagira kandi igipimo cyashyizweho kashe kubicuruzwa kugirango bikuyobore. Harimo diameter, kubara urudodo, n'uburebure. Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, bolts cyangwa imigozi ntoya kurenza 1/4 ”irashobora gukoresha igitigiri mugihe ubunini bwa metero kwisi yose buzoguha ibipimo bya milimetero.

   

Icyitonderwa kuruhande cyangwa umutwe wumutwe wihuta biguha amakuru yose ukeneye kugirango umenye niba ibicuruzwa bizakwiranye nigishushanyo cyawe.